Understanding the Context

All writing, indeed all communication, takes place in a context (from Latin contexere to weave together). The context, the circumstances or situation surrounding the communication, affects how we interpret information and how information affects us.  Simply put, understanding the context helps us decide whether or not the information is useful or even believable. The context also affects our ability to effectively communicate as we seek to inform and persuade others.

So, when we rely on sources, it is crucial that we attempt to understand the context of those sources by asking questions related to:

  • the basic elements of the communication situation
  • ways of using an understanding of context to better argue or inform
  • the fair use of sources within an academic context.

 


Elements of the Communication Situation [to list]

  • author (writer, speaker, videographer)
  • audience (readers, listeners, watchers)
  • purpose
  • use

While reading the excerpt on Sexual Harassment from CSU, Stanislaus below, think about the elements of  the communication situation. The links at the top of the text to take you to notes concerning each of the elements.

Author Audience Purpose Use
Sexual Harassment

The University's policy is to maintain a working and learning environment free of sexual harassment for students, employees and applicants for student or employee positions.

No individual shall be subject to reprisal for using this policy, nor shall its use preclude subsequent disciplinary or grievance measures. All units of campus community are expected to comply with this policy. Except as needed in processing the complaint, both the Sexual Harassment Advisors and Sexual Harassment Officers are required to maintain confidentiality in dealing with sexual harassment complaints.

Definition of Sexual Harassment

Sexual Harassment is one person's use of University authority, rank, or position to distort a University relationship by conduct which emphasizes another person's sexuality. Sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature are forms of sexual harassment when the person with authority, rank, or position:

  • Requires submission as an explicit or implicit condition of instruction, employment, or participation in any University activity; or
  • Distorts academic or personnel evaluations based on response to such conduct; or
  • Hinders performance by creating or allowing sexually intimidating, hostile, or offensive behavior to occur in the University or in a University-related setting.
  • Sexual harassment is unethical and unprofessional conduct, illegal, and against California State Stanislaus University policy. It may occur in written, spoken, physical, and visual forms.

The University will act to eliminate sexual harassment within its jurisdiction. A person with University authority, rank, or position must not use that power to create sexual pressure on someone else or on the workplace in general.

The University will evaluate each incident of alleged sexual harassment and apply appropriate remedies.

The University can dismiss employees or expel students for sexual harassment.

The University recognizes that any member of the campus community might be called upon to listen to a complaint of alleged sexual harassment. The listener should be objective and attentive, while discouraging use of names. No records should be kept, or should promises for specific action or final decisions be made. The listener should refer the complainant to a Sexual Harassment Advisor or to a University Sexual Harassment officer. Complainants may go to the Sexual Harassment officer without first consulting a Sexual Harassment Advisor and may request an investigation at any time.

Any complaint of sexual harassment should be registered with the Assistant to the President, Office of Equal Opportunity and Internal Relations, Dr. Thomas Young (Student Services Building, 667-3011), who will investigate the complaint.

Name: Your Email:

1. Discuss the elements of the communication context for a source you have located. List the bibliographic citation of the source. See sample MLA citations.

Using the Context [to list]

Understanding the context is also a way to make your communication more effective by making your presentation more responsive to your audience.

2. Respond to the following questions based on your topic.

A. Who is your audience? Do you have more than one--a primary and a secondary audience?

B. How much does your audience already know about the topic? Will you need to provide any background information such as definitions or historical data?

C. What is your purpose in writing this paper? That is, what is the intended effect on the audience? (Note: you may have multiple purposes.)

D. How will the audience use your paper?  To get information, make a decision?  (Note: there may be multiple uses.)

E. If your paper is persuasive, how agreeable or resistant do you expect your audience to be?